A Comparison Of Gilbert And Stouts Theory - 1784 Words

In Martha Stout’s essay â€Å"When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning, It Was Friday†, she discusses how a person who has suffered a traumatic experience is most likely to dissociate their individual self from that situation and block it from their mind completely. This form of a solution allows the person to forget the experience and not feel the pain. In â€Å"Immune to Reality† Daniel Gilbert describes how every human being contains a psychological immune system, which works to shield us from horrible experiences that threaten our happiness. When experiencing a traumatic event, the psychological immune system responds by â€Å"cooking up the facts†, meaning taking the facts of the situation and turning the negative aspects of it into positive views. At first†¦show more content†¦Elephants have been victims of not just the incessant poaching but also of the civil wars; ultimately making them to fight back. The killing case have gone over the roof, as the â€Å"singular perversity† (Siebert 353) of the attacks. In India, â€Å"nearly one thousand people have been killed by elephants between 2000 and 2004† (Siebert 353). Several frequent attacks were recorded in Africa and other villages where the denizens were forced to evacuate their houses. ‘nearly one thousand’ which accentuates the gravity of the situation in 4 years had gained a lot of attention from the elephants researchers. Seibert’s prime third perspective, Gay Bradshaw, Oregon State psychologist, claims that that â€Å"everybody pretty much agrees that the relationship between elephants and people has dramatically changed† (Siebert 353). The choice of diction ‘dramatically’ indicates that elephants are not being violent towards human beings but they are also doing it intentionally. Dramatic behavior changes over the years are now being explained in the elephants. â€Å"Bradshaw and several colleagues argued that t oday’s elephant populations are suffering from a form of chronic stress, a kind of species-wide trauma† (Siebert 354), due to â€Å"decades of poaching and habitat loss† (Siebert 354). Elephants are becoming more destructive and Bradshaw looked into combining â€Å"traditional research into elephant behavior with insights about trauma drawn from

Apples and Oranges a Comparative Essay Free Essays

Apples and Oranges: A Comparative Essay Is the old adage â€Å"you can’t compare apples and oranges† correct? Besides being food, both of these produce items have much in common. They both are located under the Fruits and Vegetable category of the Canadian Food Guide; they are both spherical in shape, making them fit in the palm of your hand; and they both have a considerable amount of moisture under their skin. However, in both nutritional value and aesthetic appearance the orange far out weighs the lowly apple. We will write a custom essay sample on Apples and Oranges: a Comparative Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although, according to the Canadian Food Guide, a serving of apples and a serving of oranges are both considered one equal serving within the Fruits and Vegetables category, the nutritional value of oranges is far superior to that of apples. First, oranges have a higher concentration of vitamin C. This vitamin is essential in strengthening and maintaining a healthy immune system. Thus, the greater the vitamin C—within reason—the greater the functioning and resilience of our immune system. Furthermore, peeling an orange often requires extreme dexterity and excellent hand-eye coordination. Thus, when eating an orange one is not only receiving an excellent dose of vitamin C, one is also practicing hand-eye coordination and honing his/her dexterity. On the other hand, apples, although a good source of vitamin C lack the concentration that is obviously present in oranges. Thus, when eating an apple it seems that the apple’s nutritional value is simply calorie intake—fuel for the body. While this function is necessary, oranges ‘play double duty’. They provide us with calories at the same time as helping us to fight viruses and disease. Furthermore, eating an apple only requires a strong jaw and teeth. It does not help us to practice transferable skills such as dexterity. While the nutritional value of the fruits we consume is important, their aesthetic appearance is of greater concern. The appearance of an apple is pleasing; its symmetry, shine, and contours emulate marble sculptures. However, there is one essential flaw in the aesthetic of the apple. It lacks a strong and invigorating aroma. When an apple is bitten, it emits a deep musky smell, one that is unique but in no way mood-changing. Oranges, when peeled emit a heavy citrus scent which, studies have shown, help us to become re-energized. Perfumers have even attempted to capture this scent in their colognes, body washes, and au de toilets. But no synthetic concoction can truly mimetic the revitalizing effects of citrus. The very prestigious study of aromatherapy has verified the mood-changing effects of the citrus scent; â€Å"citrus is often used by psychologist to treat patients with depression with some promising results† (Fakes 2). Thus the orange combats both diseases of the body and diseases of the mind. Although there are many superficial similarities between apples and oranges, oranges are of greater nutritional and aesthetic value. Apples are valuable in their caloric value and their appearance, but they lack both the concentration of vitamin C as well as the revitalizing citrus effects. Therefore, perhaps the old adage is correct: â€Å"You can’t compare apples and oranges†. How to cite Apples and Oranges: a Comparative Essay, Essay examples

Efficient Market Hypothesis - Financial Concepts Free Sample

Question: Explain how behavioural finance challenges the efficient market hypothesis. Within your explanation discuss the implications of behavioural finance for investment managers? Answer: Introduction The superiority of the Efficient Market Hypothesis was challenged due to the emergence of the Behavioral Finance. From that point forward, the conventional standard methodology has been in a consistent clash against this new and progressively acknowledged standard of the investing behavior. The shortcomings of the hypothesis have turned into the investing weapon of the new exploratory methodology (Kartaova, Remeikiene, Gaspareniene and Venclauskien, 2014). Efficient market process and the investing rationality have contradicted the psychology of investors, market bubbles and biasness of the investors. Efficiency of information and the integration approach of the arbitrage have been found to be conflicting with the inefficient access to the market information as well anomalies in the market in case of long term (Gupta, Preetibedi and mlakra, 2014). This paper will a provide deep and insight analysis regarding the concept of efficient market hypothesis and behavioral finance. Efficient Market Hypothesis Efficient market hypothesis is one of the most important investment theories and it is also considered as the spine of the present financial theories. Since early 1960s to the middle of 1990s the efficient market hypothesis was considered to be the principal investing theory and the most popular approach accepted by the financial analysts. According to Malkiel (2003), the efficient markets do not permit the investors to obtain returns which are higher than the average. It can be implied that that the efficient market hypothesis emphasizes on the efficient of the market in terms of the highly efficient level of news, information along with perfect communication (Borges, 2009). The efficient market hypothesis has described efficient market where huge number of investors who are rational and focuses on profit maximization through actively participating in the competition. In the efficient market, the investors focus on anticipating the future of the financial market for estimating the values of securities. Additionally, one of the most important features of the efficient market is all the relevant and information can be easily accessed by all the investors participating in the market. Hence, the individual stock as well as the aggregate stock market is characterized as efficient as the investors can access the entire available information foe integrating it into the present prices of the stocks. The efficient market hypothesis assumes that when any information or news arise, it gets easily spread within the market and instantly gets incorporated in the stock prices. Efficient market hypothesis has significantly focused on the integration, efficiency, market information and reflection. Eugene Fama has acknowledged the model and stated that in an actie market which is consisted of various rational as well as investors, stocks will be price appropriately and all the available market information will be reflected on the price of the stocks. The economists and scholars have distinguished efficiency in the market in three major forms. In case of the strong form, the public as well as the private information significantly contributes in pricing of stocks. Consequently, it does not allow the investors for achieving the competitive advantages. In the semi strong form, the stock prices significantly reflect the public financial information such as financial position of the company, announcement of the companies (Westerlund and Narayan, 2013). On the other, in case of the weak efficiency form, all the historical prices of the securities are integrated into the present price. Hence, these factors cannot be used for anticipating the future situation. In efficient markets, the investors have no scope to outperform and hence, investors cannot achieve higher returns from their investment. As all the information is available, no investor can be differentiated as market specialist or investment expert. Additionally, it has been found that any kind of new news or information in the market do not have the potential for bringing out unusual profit as those information will be easily available to the investors and will be reflected on the prices of stocks. It must be noted that the information which is instantly integrated in the market prices of which is public as well as can be accessed easily (Kartaova, Remeikiene, Gaspareniene and Venclauskien, 2014). The active managers will be unable to achieve higher level of performance though exploitation of the available private information. The market forecasts the future condition in an unbiased way and the information is reflected in a more objective manner in comparison to the insiders. Addi tionally, the return maximization from the uninterrupted trading is stopped as all the relevant information is integrated in the price of the stocks (McCauley, Bassler and Gunaratne, 2008). It is evident that the fundamental analysis of the stocks of a company is conductive for assessing the stock instead of the anticipation of the future price movements. On the other hand, technical analysis cannot be utilized for experiencing the further changes over the time. In case of efficient markets, the graphical representation and other technical studies do not offer significant benefits to the investors as the historical prices are integrated in the present prices. The efficient market hypothesis has found that loge term markets are more efficient (Westerlund and Narayan, 2013). Concept of Behavioral Finance The significance of efficient market hypothesis started losing due to the emergence of behavioral finance in the 1990s. This concept focused on consideration of the human behavior on the investment decision. Basically, this concept provides an insight to the influence of human psychology in financial and investment decision making. Behavioral finance has been attempting to describe how human behavior affects the decision making related to investment as well as its impact on the market (Wojcik, Kreston and McGill, 2012). It is evident that there are some financial effects which will be dependent on the psychological variables and biases of an individual. According to Alexakis and Xanthakis (2008), financial investors are not optimal decision makers and the psychological procedures significantly affects financial decision making. Heuristics is a major basis of the behavioral finance which is perceived as the pattern of human behavior. This concept majorly focuses on the obtaining knowledge or achieving a desirable outcome through employment of a smart guesswork instead of application of particular formula. Heuristics is involved with simple techniques which are based on experience and used for solving problem. It is known as shortcuts or rule of thumbs and responsible for explaining the decision making procedure of the investors (Mehra, 2008). This technique is more applicable when the investing decisions are made with poor information. Alternatively, the investment decision making procedure in case of market volatility and complicated investing atmosphere, where the decision making becomes extensively difficult, can be analyzed with the help of this concept. The cognitive heuristics significantly help in explaining the implications of the rules. Additionally, it provides evidence of the irrational decision making of the investors. Representativeness is one of the common heuristics that states that the investor tends to attempt for fitting into a new as well as unknown event into an existing event. Therefore, they focus on identification of the mutual components in the entirely distinct events. Additionally, it has been argued that that investors judge the probabilities by the degree of one element in comparison to other element. Anchoring is considered to be one of the important cognitive heuristic. It has been found that anchoring is significantly associated with the decision making procedure of an investor which is based on the initial anchor. It means the investors focus on estimating through starting from the initial value which will be adjusted to the yield. These adjustments are often found to be erroneous which leads to irrational decision making. Another common cognitive heuristics is herding which states that the investors seek to join a group and therefore eventually develops a collective behavior in case of decision making. In this situation, people prefer to follow others instead of using their cognitive ability and information. Overconfidence is another factor that states that investors may have a tendency of overestimating their cognitive and decision making skills (Shefrin, 2001). Theories and research studies have exhibited that fallacies significant dominate the investors and it prevents them from making right investment decision. Investors have a tendency to become risk averse for losses instead of profits (Zeelenberg and Pieters, 2004). It has been found that previous gains help in reducing risk and previous loss enhances it. Mental accounting is referred to a set of rational operations utilized by the human being for organizing evaluating and keeping track of the investment activities (Smith, 2008). It engaged the tendency of an individual for generating various mental accounts on the basis of special traits and registers the events which have been encountered. Regret aversion is associated with the desire of an investor for avoiding pain which is generated from the poor investment decision such as postponing the sale of stocks which leads to loss (Muradoglu and Harvey, 2012). Apart from the above stated considerations the investing decision is significantly affected by the cognitive bias, socio economic atmosphere and culture along with the personality. It has been found that these biases lead to different logical fallacies. Behavioral finance has exhibited significant concern for the investment time. Additionally, it has suggested that the stock market bubbles are not short term. Hence the loss bubble will not be easily reimbursed immediately (Goldberg and Nitzsch, 2001). Implication of behavioral finance for investment mangers Investment management may be defined as the financial process of managing the securities and tangible assets of an individual or an organization to meet specific goals (Muneer and Rehman, 2012). Investment decision making is a complex process involving various alternative scenarios. Some of the personal factors like age, education and income effect the investors decisions. To make effective investment decision the investor has to use various technical models like CAPM. Hence, the le of behavioral finance is extensive in case of understanding the investment decisions of an individual. (Alajbeg, Bubas and Sonje, 2012) has suggested that the selection of portfolios and stocks can be increased with the use of behavioral tools. However, at the time of relying on the portfolio managers for the investment decisions, the investors will have to accept the behavioral mistakes of the portfolio managers. In majority of cases, the portfolio mangers are seen to adopt a regret aversion strategy (Ba ker and Nofsinger, 2010). Barnes (2010) opined that the major psychological biases like over confidence, anchoring, cognitive dissonance, mental accounting and regret aversion and gambler fallacy. Due to the effect of these biases, the investors tend to take poor investment decisions. The relation between the biases and the investment decisions can be explained with the help of the following theories namely Heuristic decisions process Under this process of decision-making, the investor uses the common emotional norms and mixes them with the rational thoughts in order to arrive at suitable investment decisions. The following factors are responsible for the Heuristic decisions making process. Representativeness: In cases of making investment decisions high degree of stereotyping occurs. The investors make the decisions depending upon some past investment result. Hence, if the investor has a bad experience with a similar kind of bond investment then in the future the investor will reject any investment of the similar nature or of the similar bonds (Beck and Levine, 2002). Overconfidence: Confidence is the emotional factor within the individual investor that provokes the investor to take right decisions (Shefrin, 2000). Suppose if an investor suffers a high degree of loss in an investment then he gains encouragement in form of confidence to make effective investment decision in future. Anchoring: In this case, the investors decision is guided by irrational price levels as an important process of decision-making and therefore the investors misses investment opportunities and at times makes a wrong entry into the investment market (Marx and Mpofu, 2010). Gamblers fallacy: At times depending on positive past experience the investors tend to take high investment risks. Since the experiences have fetched the investor, good returns hence the tendency to opt for more returns pushes the investor to take risky investment decisions. This situation may either prove to be positive or negative for the investor suggesting that the investor knowingly takes chances of high losses. Prospect theory The prospect theory states that the individuals while making investment decisions chose between probabilistic alternatives that involve risk and the probabilities of outcomes are known. For instance, the investor will conceive the loss of $ 1 more painful compared to the gain of twice $ 1 (He and Shen, 2010). The theory is also termed as the loss aversion theory. The mental condition of the investor forces the investor to take poor investment decisions so that risk can be avoided. The key concepts of this theory are as follows: Framing: This concept states that the method of presentation of facts influences the decisions of the investor. Hence, a negative representation will result in a loss on the part of the investment decision. Loss aversion: Since the human psychology is to avoid risks, hence when the price of a share decreases the investor refuses to sell the same and continues to retain the shares with an expectation of future price growth (Hunton, 2009). Regret aversion: This psychology induces the investor to omit any good investment opportunity so that the individual can avoid any regrets of a loss resulting from the investment. Mental accounting: Mental accounting tendency prompts the individual to categories the sources of income according to their respective expenses. Hence, the investment decision depends on the prioritizing of the income categories. Challenges faced by efficient market hypothesis due to Behavioral Finance According to Mockus and Raudys, (2010) the process of efficient market hypothesis helps the investors to be acquainted with efficient share market information. Since all investors have access to the available share information, hence it is not possible to exploit the investors. However, the rapid movement within the stock market makes it difficult for the individuals to access all information at all time of investments. Since the stock market, information is available though elaborative channels of communication hence it is difficult for the individual to combine and assimilate the same. Moreover, the emotional status of the investor also hampers the assessment of the information. Keryt (2012) opined that majority of the cases the information of stock market is available to a limited group of investors. With the help of fundamental analysis and technical analysis, the investors try to analyze the security market. If the information supplied by these analysis techniques are positive then the investor frames a positive image about the company thereby fostering a sense of confidence in respect of the investing decision. However, the technical analysis produces a forecast of the direction of the share prices hence the investors relying on the forecasts may suffer losses in future. Thus, they may form a stereotype decision on the investments and develop a sense of risk aversion in this matter. De Bondt (2009) further stated that the EMH highlights that the individuals engaged in a stock market investment decision are individuals with common characteristics namely lack of unique personality, sharing common investing traits, lack of social life and engaging in common discussions. Thus, the hypothesis creates a wrong impression on the investors and they tend to stay away from the stock markets. Rozeff (2011) commented that when the market remains efficient the investors act rationally and take efficient investing decisions. However, the occurrences of investment bubbles like the internet bubble and the real estate market bubble has shown the instances that the market is not always efficient. The addition of .com after internet based organizations. The major reason for the growth of the share prices of the internet companies was the investors speculation that the addition of .com after the internet based companies would make the companies more profitable. Hence, Simmons (2012) suggested that behavioral finance has huge affect on the market efficiencies. The financial anomalies arise majorly due to the effect of behavioral finance on the EMH. Although the investing techniques have been changed over the time however, the EMH strategies remain unmodified for the contemporary and old stock markets (Ross et al. 2004). The information supplied by the hypothesis still takes the investors to be irrational. However, with the changing time the investors have become rational and have tended to change their investment techniques. The use of modern tools like credit default swaps in the global stock markets suggests that the efficient market hypothesis has become invalid in the eyes of the investors. Moreover, Beck and Levine (2002) argued that the efficient market hypothesis suggests that the investing is a long-term decision and the stock markets should acquire efficiency in long run. However, the fact is contradicted by modern concepts of stock market that suggests that the stock investment is now a short-term decision. The profit seeking and the risk aversion psychology of the investors suggest that the investors are relying on the short-term gains so that high risk of loss can be avoided. Since the primary concept of behavioral finance is to frame the investment structure based on the behavior patterns of the investors, hence it is more effective in attractive gainful investments compared to the use of market hypothesis. Conclusion The essay shows that the major three components of a stock market are the behavioral finance, efficient market hypothesis and the investing decision. On ascertaining, the relation between the three it can be noted that behavioral finance has a huge impact on both investment decision and market hypothesis. Depending on the emotional biases, the individual designs the investment decisions. The nature of the individual will contribute to the investment decision. Moreover, the change in the behavioral patterns of the investors influences the validity of the efficient market hypothesis. With the changes in the behavioral pattern, the investors have shown that not all market hypotheses are efficient and correct. Hence, it is advisable on the part of the individual to make rational investing decisions based on the present and current information available on the stock prices of the investments. IT is also noted that due to the behavioral weaknesses the majority of the investing decisions fa il. References Alajbeg, D., Bubas, Z. and Sonje, V. (2012). The efficient market hypothesis: problems with interpretations of empirical tests.fintp, 36(1), pp.53-72. Alexakis, C. and Xanthakis, M. (2008).Behavioral Finance. Greece: Stamoulis Publications. Baker, H. and Nofsinger, J. (2010).Behavioral finance. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Barnes, P. (2010).Stock Market Efficiency, Insider Dealing and Market Abuse. Farnham: Ashgate Pub. Beck, T. and Levine, R. (2002).Industry growth and capital allocation. Cambridge, MA.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Borges, M. (2009). Efficient market hypothesis in European stock markets.The European Journal of Finance, 16(7), pp.711-726. Borges, M. (2009). Efficient market hypothesis in European stock markets.The European Journal of Finance, 16(7), pp.711-726. Brown, S. (2010). The efficient markets hypothesis: The demise of the demon of chance?.Accounting Finance, 51(1), pp.79-95. Bruce, B. (2010).Handbook of behavioral finance. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Burksaitiene, D. and Bernatonyt, D. (2012). TENDENCIES OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT.ecoman, 17(4). De Bondt, W. (2009).Financial accounting and investment management. Cheltenham, Glos, UK: Edward Elgar. Goldberg, J. and Nitzsch, R. (2001).Behavioral finance. New York: John Wiley. Gupta, E., Preetibedi, P. and mlakra, P. (2014). Efficient Market Hypothesis V/S Behavioural Finance.IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(4), pp.56-60. He, W. and Shen, J. (2010). Investor Extrapolation and Expected Returns.Journal of Behavioral Finance, 11(3), pp.150-160. Hunton, J. (2009).Advances in accounting behavioral research. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Kartaova, J., Remeikiene, R., Gaspareniene, L. and Venclauskien, D. (2014). Transformations of Efficient Market Hypothesis under the Influence of Behavioral Finance.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. Keryt, A. (2012). INVESTMENT RISK ANALYSIS: THEORETICAL ASPECTS.ecoman, 17(3). Malkiel, B. (2003). The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics.Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1), pp.59-82. Marx, J. and Mpofu, R. (2010).Investment management. Pretoria: Van Schaik. McCauley, J., Bassler, K. and Gunaratne, G. (2008). Martingales, nonstationary increments, and the efficient market hypothesis.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 387(15), pp.3916-3920. Mehra, R. (2008).Handbook of the equity risk premium. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Mockus, J. and Raudys, A. (2010). On the Efficient-Market Hypothesis and stock exchange game model.Expert Systems with Applications, 37(8), pp.5673-5681. Muneer, S. and Rehman, U. S. (2012). Materialization of Behavioural Finance and Behavioural PortfolioTheory: A Brief Review.Journal of Economics and Behavioural Studies, 4(8), 431-435 Muradoglu, G. and Harvey, N. (2012). Behavioural finance: the role of psychological factors in financial decisions.Review of Behavioural Finance, 4(2), pp.68-80. Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W. and Jefferey, J. (2004). Corporate Finance. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin Rozeff, M. (2011). Market Pricing Beyond the Efficient Market Hypothesis.SSRN Journal. Shefrin, H. (2000).Beyond greed and fear. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Shefrin, H. (2001).Behavioral finance. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub. Simmons, P. (2012). Using a Differential Evolutionary Algorithm to Test the Efficient Market Hypothesis.Comput Econ, 40(4), pp.377-385. Smith, D. (2008). Moving from an Efficient to a Behavioral Market Hypothesis.Journal of Behavioral Finance, 9(2), pp.51-52. Westerlund, J. and Narayan, P. (2013). Testing the Efficient Market Hypothesis in Conditionally Heteroskedastic Futures Markets.Journal of Futures Markets, 33(11), pp.1024-1045. Wojcik, D., Kreston, N. and McGill, S. (2012). Freshwater, saltwater and deepwater: efficient market hypothesis versus behavioural finance.Journal of Economic Geography, 13(2), pp.257-277. Zeelenberg, M. and Pieters, R. (2004). Consequences of regret aversion in real life: The case of the Dutch postcode lottery.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 93(2), pp.155-168.

Time Dialation Essay Research Paper Close Encounters free essay sample

Time Dialation Essay, Research Paper Close Brushs With the Effectss of Time Dilation How does it experience to be traveling velocities near that of the velocity of visible radiation? What is it like to return to Earth to happen that your best friend who was the same age as you is now older than you? You might speak to a adult male named Bob Smith. Bob late returned from his trip to the border of the existence and we were fortunate plenty to speak to Bob about what he experienced on his journey. We besides got the chance to speak with Bob # 8217 ; s close friend, Jill, who eyewitnessed the effects of clip dilation on Bob. Ten old ages ago today, Bob Smith boarded his starship and journeyed to the border of the universe analyzing its distance and other belongingss unknown to adult male. The twenty-four hours Bob left, his friend Jill was standing by his side to offer him farewell. We will write a custom essay sample on Time Dialation Essay Research Paper Close Encounters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As Bob took off into infinite Jill noticed something really curious, Bob # 8217 ; s ship had seemed to hold shrunk in size. # 8221 ; It was amazing # 8220 ; , said Jill. # 8220 ; The ship appeared to be half the length it was before! # 8221 ; Bob, who was going at 87 % the velocity of visible radiation, on the other manus, did non detect this alteration in length at all. How could this be, you may inquire? Well, we talked to renowned scientist, Alberta Einstein and she came up with a theory for us. The viewed length for an perceiver on Earth is equal to the existent length multiplied by the square root of the measure one subtraction speed squared divided by the velocity of visible radiation squared. In equation signifier that is. So if the length of Bob # 8217 ; s transport on Earth was 53 metres, so to person standing on Earth sing the ship in infinite, the ship would look to be about 26 metres or half the existent length of the ship. This would so verify that what Jill saw was really the truth. While Bob was in the ship he measured his mass and surprisingly it was more than he had measured it to be on Earth. Bob # 8217 ; s mass on Earth was 77.2 kilogram. When he measured it in infinite it was sizably greater. So once more we asked Alberta if and why this could perchance be. Again she was able to supply us with an equation to explicate this phenomenon. Bob # 8217 ; s new mass is equal to his mass on Earth divided by the square root of the measure 1 subtraction his speed squared divided by the velocity of visible radiation squared. In equation signifier that is. So since Bob # 8217 ; s mass on Earth is 77.2 kgs. , so his mass on the ship is 593.8 kilogram. As we see, his mass was increased by about seven times! Belly laugh! One last thing we should look at is the comparing of Bob # 8217 ; s age and Jill # 8217 ; s age after the trip. To a individual on Earth, Bob # 8217 ; s trip seemed to take merely 10 old ages. When Bob left, both he and Jill were both 18 old ages of age. So, when Bob returned from his trip Jill was 28 and surprisingly Bob was younger than Jill. How on Earth could this be possible you may inquire? Let # 8217 ; s inquire Dr. Einstein one time more for her input on this state of affairs. Harmonizing to Alberta, the clip elapsed in Bob # 8217 ; s frame of mention is equal to the existent clip on Earth multiplied by the square root of the measure one subtraction his speed divided by the velocity of light squared. So in equation signifier that # 8217 ; s. Therefore, to Bob, the trip seemed to last merely about 4.9 old ages ( or to do it simpler, 5 old ages ) . So when Bob came back he was merely 23 old ages old as opposed to Jill who was now 28 old ages of age. Quoting Bob, # 8221 ; Relativity is a really curious thing! It can really unusual effects on simple things such as mass, length and clip. If I would hold known it would decelerate the aging procedure, I would hold stayed out much longer! Book me another flight to the Moon!

Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essays

Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essays Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essay Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essay 1: A) Indicate the Indians’ puzzlement over the ways of the white men. The line â€Å"and I don’t understand† is using repeatition through the story and conveys the confusion and puzzlement over the white men’s ways. B) Show the Indians’ disapproval of the whites’ treatment of land. Phrases like â€Å"there is no quiet place in the white man’s cities† display the disapproval the Indians have over the whites’ treatment. C) Words that show the importance to the Indians of their ancestors’ graves Sentences like â€Å"Our dead never forget this beautiful earth† and â€Å"The water’s murmur is the voice of father’s father. Portray the importance of their ancestors’ graves and how the Indians feel about it. 2: a) How does the Indian see the idea of selling and buying land? The Indian sees selling and buying land as wrong and unnatural. The land is one with man and shouldn’t be abused. b) What condition does the chief set upon selling his land? The condition is for the white man to take care of the land and teach the future generations of how the land came to be and what it will be in future times. c) How does the Indian regard all living things The Indian reveres all living things as being the soul of the earth. If man replaces the living things with man-made apparatus the soul of the earth will die. 3: a) The Indian is mainly interested in little things like â€Å"every shining pine needle† and â€Å"humming insect† b) The Indian was silly enough to think the train was a â€Å"smoking iron horse† c) The Indian’s hearing was acute enough to hear sounds such as â€Å"the unfurling of leaves of Spring† These quotes are misleading because without the framework the writer intended the quote sounds shallow and insubstantial. But also taking the quotes too literally when really the author is using a metaphor. 4: a) â€Å"The Great Chief sends word he will reserve us a place so that we can live comfortably to ourselves† b) â€Å"I have seen a thousand rotting buffaloes on the prairie, left by the white man who shot them from a passing train† c) â€Å"Even the white man whose God walks and talks to him as friend to friend cannot be exempt from the common destiny† 5: The misquote is the first one with the correct quote being â€Å"The shining water that moves in the streams and rivers is not just water but the blood of our ancestors† 6: a) This quote is patronising. The writer stating almost obviously that he finds the Great Chief wrong. b) This quote is a comment on how the white man would assume that the red man has no idea because he is a savage. c) The white man sees himself as very different yet the writer feels they may have more in common than the white man thinks.

A Room With A View and Its Relevance to the Edwardian Era

Paper proposal on the view and the room with relevance to that Edwardian era The Edwardian era in the UK is a period of sexual politics, unconscious obviousness, tension between social security and individual freedom, and against God and religion It was an era of shaking. Uncertain belief Edwardian era has sometimes called golden age, and high-class parties and high fashion are also concerns of everyone. First impressions and procedures are very important, they are more important than freedom of speech and expression. The first decade of the twentieth century was ten years of the reign of Edward VII. This era is known as the World Book Encyclopedia (59). This is the era of King King Edward named after him. The Edward era was the beginning of the 20th century and caused various predictions about how this century celebrated the beginning of the true golden era, Richard Washington said. This era is known as the hottest era in our world history (www.geocites.com). Edward VII and other Ed ward VII have also helped to achieve this goal. When Queen Victoria died in 1901, it meant the end of the Victorian era. The next era was called the Edwardian era and was named after King Edward who took over her mother. King Edward died in 1910, but the Edwardian era often extended to the beginning of the First World War of 1914, and in some cases even extended until the end of the war in 1918. This era is often called the modern era and in the UK it was named the then modern era. This modernization is the continuation of the Victorian era, many of which began. For London, the modern era seems to be more calm than the chaotic Victorian era. The invention and change of the 19th century seems to have settled in the first 20 years of the 20th century. In British history, the Victorian era was the reign of Queen Victoria, she died from June 20, 1837 to January 22, 1901. This era was the first part of the beautiful era of the continent of Europe, after the Georgian era and before the Ed wardian era. Regarding moral sensitivity and political reform, this period began with the adoption of Reform Act in 1832. There is a strong religious motivation for the ethical standards of churches that are outrageous, such as Methodist and leaders of evangelical churches in established churches. In addition to the England Crimean War, Britain has established a relatively peaceful relationship with other major powers, and Pax Britannica is maintained by the naval supremacy and industrial hegemony of that country. The UK has started to expand the world empire, especially in Asia and Africa. This made the British Empire the greatest empire in history. Nationwide confidence peaks

Global tourism has enjoyed tremendous growth over the past fifty years Essay

Global tourism has enjoyed tremendous growth over the past fifty years - Essay Example Tourism is a dynamic industry which enhances economic performance by generating valuable benefits, either in the form of infrastructural development or by creating positive publicity for individual destinations and countries. The social benefits offered by the tourism industry Global tourism industry has enjoyed tremendous growth over the past fifty years. This growth has contributed to the development of the society. The social benefits offered by the tourism industry are - The industry acts as a vital source of income as well as employment opportunities which are highly flexible. In the absence of this sector, the global GDP would be quite low and a major portion of the people in a society would be unemployed and live in poverty. Tourism industry has led to the development and improvement of the society. More than 50% of the people now live in cities globally and it is predicted that the percentage will rise to 75% by 2025. The tourism industry has helped to overcome the problem of cultural differences between people all over the world. Tourism industry has diversified the area of work culture and work practices. This has led to the rise in employment opportunities and has significantly reduced unemployment (â€Å"Travel and Tourism 2011† 5). Challenges faced by the Tourism Industry The Tourism Industry has faced a number of new challenges in its way of growth which reflects the structure of the industry. The challenges faced are- The industry had difficulty in achieving the target employment growth in mature markets due to the absence of proper human resource strategies which play a strong role in attracting and retaining employees. The period of 2000-2010 recorded a high growth in GDP as a result of the contribution of the tourism industry. But the growth was volatile with economic uncertainties, uneven, and was affected by terrorists’ attacks and epidemics. This affected the overall growth of GDP as the direct contribution of GDP in all the m arkets was not equal. As the tourism industry is in the verge of growth and development, it is facing more competition in field of capital investment from its global competitors. Terrorist attacks have led to the evolution of high concerns to the safety and security of the hosts. Technological advancement has increased the expectation of the customers. So, the tourism industry must be developed in connection to the technological developments so that it can be successfully meet the expectations and requirements of the changing consumers (â€Å"Economic Development Strategy Report† 29). Opportunities and Barriers to the further growth of the Tourism Industry in Nanaimo, Canada The opportunities to the further growth of the Tourism Industry in Nanaimo, Canada are- The Industry has developed several products, outdoor activities, recreational packages, sport tourism, and art and culture so as to attract the customers. This will provide the customers with a lively and variant exper ience. The Industry has introduced the provision of conducting different festivals and events, so as to meet the requirements and expectations of both the customers and its employees (Nanaimo Tourism, 4). The Industry is trying to

Quiz Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Quiz - Coursework Example consumption behavior, tastes and preferences, and change behavior. The model is action oriented and is mainly used by marketers in order to improve the presence of the business in the market. Matrix Model-In economics, matrix model is a reflection of various interrelationships between different economic elements. The model brings together into a single table the balance of output distribution and that of inputs for better analysis. Virtual Model-It is a digital description of a physical object. The model is mainly used in creation of 3D features for the purpose of virtualization. This is mainly used in the film industry and architectural sector. Focus group-It is a strategy used in qualitative research which entails identifying a specific group of study to be analyzed over a specified period of time. The researcher uses the group to study their behavior, perception, or any other topic of study. On-the-job training-It is training that takes place in the normal working situation. It entails one person showing the other on how to complete a specific task more effectively. It is also referred to as direct instruction. Apprenticeship-It is a form of training the new generation of practitioners which occurs in the normal working environment. It occurs while one is working for an employer who helps the trainee (apprentice) to learn new skills. Behavioral Modeling-It is an approach to control theory which aims at reducing inconsistencies. Of importance to note about the approach is that it does not differentiate between input and output variables. Cultural diversity-It is having various cultures which respect each other’s differences. It is having different people who emanates from different cultural backgrounds but tolerates each other’s cultural aspects. Diversity Training-It is an instructional course that aims at increasing people’s awareness on diverse

Decision to drop atomic bomb Essay Example for Free

Decision to drop atomic bomb Essay The decision was made from the president that they were going to drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 6, 1945. They chose to drop the bomb because if they didn’t there would have been more casualties than necessary in the continued fighting in the Asian theater of the war . Dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II, the president at that time, Harry S. Truman, made the right choice. The atomic bomb was definitely a political conflict for the United States and Japan. The event which initiated the ultimate bombing began with Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, according to History.com. When the A-bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, instantly â€Å"Little boy† destroyed 90% of the city, even though it exploded at an altitude of 580 meters. Since the city of Hiroshima only had 298 doctors and 270 of them died, this was rough for the citizens in Hiroshima since the people had no medical help. When they were looking for food and clothes and such it was very rare for them to find the materials they need. However in Nagasaki it was easy to get meds from the naval hospitals out there. Well in September in Hiroshima it was very hard for the people to heal faster because it was so cold and rainy outside for them to fully recover. According to Cacpeaceday. Before dropping the bombs, Japan was refusing to surrender, their emperor insisted on fighting on. Everyone thought that japan had lost but they didn’t know that they refused to surrender and kept fighting. So more and more American’s were dying. The US felt like if they don’t defeat japan soon that they will gain more advantage over Asia or even in japan. Japan ended up shortly surrendering after US dropped two atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan was occupied by allied powers under the American general, MacArthur. Reference According to ibiblio.com pg. 24. http://cacpeaceday.wikispaces.com/3.+The+impact+and+short+term+effects+of+the+dropping+of+the+atomic+bombs U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki June 1946

Serious Trauma :: Narrative Memoir Essays

Serious Trauma On a boring Wednesday afternoon, I sat in a brightly lit CPR classroom listening to the instructor drone on and on. I began to wonder if I would ever actually need to use these skills. I highly doubted it. The past two years I have worked at the "little-kid-infested" North Fork Swimming Pool, where there have been absolutely no emergencies. A bloody nose or a stubbed toe here or there but never any serious traumas. These skills that I thought were so useless were put to the test on a chilly Tuesday night in March. The evening started out normal enough, tennis practice and little bit of sparring in Tang So Doo class. That night the instrumental solo and ensemble contest was being held at HHS. Even though I am not a member of the band, I was asked to help out. I was involved in a saxophone quartet with Nolan Cmerek, Mandy Bever and Haley Benson. The four of us warmed up together and patiently waited for our time to come. Distracting us from the complete boredom we were experiencing, a few boys who had watched Louise and I spar in Tang So Doo, engaged in a dunking contest in the gym. The object of this game, as made by Gates and Tyler Shaklee, the "basketball stars", was to run, jump on a plyo box, and dunk the ball in the basketball hoop, suspended from the gym ceiling. This was amusing to us, the spectators. One particular spectator thought he would join in the fun. The third contestant, Jim Pratt, made his first attempt but lost his grip and fell onto the gym floor on his stomach knocking the air out of him. He got up holding his stomach, gasping for air, and laughing at himself at the same time. The small crowd joined in laughing with him. Nobody wants to try, fail and just quit, so naturally, Jim wanted to try again. Many of the cautious few in the audience expressed their doubts as to whether he should try it again. Jim, having the competitive nature I am sure that all teenage boys possess, attempted to dunk the round orange ball one more time. His second attempt was again a failure but of a different and more serious type. The momentum of Jim’s feet kept going as he grasped the rim. This motion swung him upside down forcing him to lose his grip and fall ten very long feet.

Life and it’s colours Essay

Have you ever imagined life without color? We are so used to seeing colors that they have become something we take for granted. We can judge the significance of colors with the fact that most are associated with our emotions and different activities in life. White symbolizes peace, red symbolizes both love & anger, yellow is for friendship, green implies jealousy. All colors have their own place. But what if our life had no colors? How would things look, and most importantly, how would our pictures look? For this post, we’ve collected around 30 examples to show you the importance and significance of colors in our life. Have you ever imagined life without color? We are so used to seeing colors that they have become something we take for granted. We can judge the significance of colors with the fact that most are associated with our emotions and different activities in life. White symbolizes peace, red symbolizes both love & anger, yellow is for friendship, green implies jealousy.

Legal Aspects of Business Essay

Facts of the Case: 1. The appellant herein Deokabai is an aged widow residing in a portion of a house with her daughter and grand children. On 18.1.79 she entered into an agreement to sell that portion of the house in her possession with Uttam, the respondent. The total sale consideration was fixed at Rs. 48,000/- out of which Rs. 5,000/- was paid to her as earnest money. The agreement for sale was reduced to writing. 2. Before registration of the sale deed of the house in Uttam’s name, permission of the competent authority, Nagpur, was necessary. Therefore, Deokabai shall immediately take steps to obtain the permission. After the date of getting the permission from the competent authority, when Deokabai would get another suitable house then she would get the sale deed of this house registered in Uttam’s name. 3. The entire cost of registration of the sale deed of the house shall be borne by Uttam. In case there is any complication or difficulty in getting the sale deed of the house registered in Uttam’s name or in case it becomes legally impossible for Deokabai to get the sale deed of the house registered in Uttam’s name, then Deokabai shall pay back to Uttam the amount of Rs. 5,000/- with interest thereon. Deokabai shall not put forth any excuse for the same. Legal Issues: So far as the present agreement for sale was concerned, she took the step of applying for necessary permission to the Competent Authority, Nagpur on March 3, 1979. The requisite permission for selling the house was granted to her in the month of May, 1979. On 9.7.79, a notice was sent by the respondent to the appellant requiring her to get the sale deed executed and registered’ in his favour on 9.7.1979 and to remain present in the office of Registrar at 11 a.m. Since the appellant failed to turn up at the appointed time and place and the respondent allegedly had taken all steps necessary towards completion of the sale deed, like purchase of stamp papers and buying of drafts of money, he filed a suit for specific performance on July 26, 1979. The respondent firstly prayed for a decree for specific performance and possession of the property in dispute, but in the alternative claimed return of the earnest money of Rs. 5,000/with interest in case specific performance was not all owed. Law Applicable: Section 32 provides that contingent contracts to do or not to do anything if an uncertain future event happens cannot be enforced by law unless and until the event has happened. If the event becomes impossible, such contracts become void. Similar Cases: The following cases have cited the above case (Deokabai (Smt) vs Uttam on 27 July, 1993) to give a Judgment. 1. Bhagwan Singh vs Teja Singh Alias Teja Ram on 6 January, 1994 2. Kum. Maria Eliza Marques vs Shri Madhukar M. Moraskar & Others on 19 November, 1997 3. Kec International Limited & †¦ vs Union Of India & Others on 8 July, 2009 4. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. & Ors vs Kec International Ltd. & Ors on 15 September, 2009 5. W.P. No. 7513 (W) Of 2011 Smt. †¦ vs The State Of West Bengal & Ors on 18 May, 2011 Conclusion: The respondent, in the situation, could not straightway ask the appellant to specifically perform the contract unless he initially had put the appellant to notice, to seek and get another suitable accommodation within a reasonable time within which it could reasonably be available in the town of Nagpur. Such a notice obviously could be given only after the grant of permission to sell by the Competent Authority, Nagpur, because in the event of non-grant of permission the search for another suitable accommodation would have become unnecessary. Thus we are of the view that in the facts and circumstances, the two important contingencies are the appellant getting a suitable accommodation before she could be asked to specifically perform the contract of sale and, in case of a genuine difficulty arising, to opt for returning the earnest money with interest. She cannot, in the present set of facts, be obliged to part with her property by effecting a sale. Resultantly, the appeal to grant refund of Rs. 5,000/- with interest at the rate of 8% calculated from 18.1.79 till payment or recovery is allowed.

Causes of Civil War in the USA

Causes of Civil War in the USA Introduction Civil war is the hostility between opposing political factions of the same country or within a community (Sammis 1). Such hostilities are usually very bitter and the consequences are dire. It results in deaths, despair and bitter wounds.Many children are rendered destitute, many people become disabled, women are raped and many men loose lives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of Civil War in the USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The American civil war lasted from 1861 to 1865 between the North and South. The south wanted to secede from the North because of seemingly irreconcilable differences. During this period, many people were killed, hundreds of thousands displaced, children exposed to horrific scenes and many got physical injuries. What was left behind was a grieving population with thousands mourning the deaths of their loved ones, feeling helpless and downtrodden. It is estimated that dur ing this very battle, there were over 600,000 casualties (Stoker 115). Discussed below were the causes of the civil war in the United States America. Election of Abraham Lincoln as the President When Abraham Lincoln was in 1860 elected as the president of the United States of America, Some Southern states immediately declared reasons for separation. South Carolina had even unilaterally declared their secession before election (Selcer 99). This was followed by other states such as Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Lincoln was a moderate and was viewed by the south as a person to abolish slavery and always in favor of Northern states Slavery The land that was obtained from Louisiana Purchase and that gained from the Mexican war elicited many questions. This occurred at a time when America was greatly expanding its territories. There were different opinions as to whether the newly admitted states should be slave free or not. A compromise was reached in 1820 b anning slavery in the states which were formerly Louisiana Purchase. Conflict arose during the Mexican war, the question being what would happen to the new states upon the victory of the US in the war (Selcer 83). There was much debate and a compromise was reached in 1950 to balance slave free States in the North and South. The Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854 further worsened tensions. The act sought to create two new boundaries that would given the states freedom to choose between slavery and antislavery. This was followed by the people of Missouri moving into state of Kansas to force it to be slave state resulting in violence (Sammis 11).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fighting that occurred is famously known as the ‘Bleeding Kansas’, the violence further extended to the senate whereby the senator from the south who was a proponent of slavery fought that from t he North who opposed the act. Socio Economic Differences The Southern economy was agricultural depending a lot on cotton. With the invention of a machine that eased the separation of seeds from cotton made cotton very profitable and this even attracted more South farmers to shift from planting other crops to cotton. Growing of more cotton meant that a lot of cheap labor was inevitably necessary. The source of this labor could only be slaves. Therefore, the south was so emotionally attached to slaves such that any mention of antislavery from the North triggered serious confrontations. Their way of living was rural based so that they could be near to their farms and keep close watch on the slave laborers. They maintained a lot of social order within their living systems and different social classes existed. In contrast the economy of the northern people was industrial based. Their sources of raw materials were from their rival South (Stoker 133). Their way of live was city based where by people of different cultures and social lived and worked together in the same environment and conditions. The wide disparities amongst these people in geographical location, economy and social life created unfavorable attitude of rivalry towards each other. When the war finally broke out, they had the basis to fight each other to settle deeply rooted scores. Battle between the States and Federal Rights After revolution, there arose two opposing sides. There were those who wanted for more states rights and those who argued that the federal government was to have more power. The states who were in favor organized themselves after the American Revolution and formed a government. This federal government was formed under a constitutional convention forming ineffective structures of governance. This led to the Pro Federal government to write a constitution secretly without the knowledge of the proponents of states (Selcer 92).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on C auses of Civil War in the USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The consequences were the feeling by many that the rights of states to act on their own were disregarded. The states therefore demanded the nullification of the constitution but the Federal government could not accept it. The staunch proponents of states’ rights strongly called for the cancellation of it but in vain. This led to states feeling that they are not given the respect they deserve and that their views were ignored. They therefore called for secession which was the genesis of the conflict that degenerated to civil war. Uprising of Slavery Abolition Movement The Northerners rose to be against slavery, slave holders and forced labor. They become increasingly determined to see to it that the inhumane treatment of other human beings came to an end. As a result, they gained more and more support and sympathizers. Their effort received a major boost with the passage of fugitive slave act. Under this act, those who had fugitive slaves; both in slave and non slave states were obliged to take responsibility and accountability of their deeds (Sammis 14). This went against the wishes of the Southerners who felt they were the target of the legislation. Conclusion The US civil war was the deadliest in the 19th century, many lives were lost, property destroyed and sharp differences existed. Despite all these, United States of America have reconciled her people. Since then they have embraced the spirit of togetherness, embraced each other and have learnt to tolerate each other’s views. They have since then nurtured their democracy to be the best and most admired in the world. The whole world should learn from the USA for it to be a better place for everyone. War should not be a reminder or a lesson to humanity. Sammis, Kathy. Focus on U.S History: The Era of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Walch Publishing, 1997: pp 1-20Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Selcer, F. Richard. Civil War America, 1875 to 1875. Infobase Publishing, 2006: pp 77- 102 Stoker, J. Donald. The Grand design: Strategy and the U.S Civil War. Oxford University Press, 2010: pp 122-150

Belgium devolution - rationale and mechanisms, relationship to Essay

Belgium devolution - rationale and mechanisms, relationship to national and local government, extent of powers - Essay Example The rationale for Belgium devolution is elaborated with the help of following points: These differences between groups had led to significant conflicts inflicting upon the economic growth of Belgium, hindering appropriate policy making, instability of government regimes and leading to financial crisis in the country. 9 The division between two broader groups viz. French and Dutch communities based on language was spotted all over the country. Flanders and Wallonia, in particular, exhibited significant social and economic differences.11 The process of devolution and federalisation was initiated as a means to resolve the conflicts among regions and communities, and to bring them in cooperation with the federal government by empowering them with the rights central to their activism. 12 The rationale for devolution involved the sense that the Communities were entrusted with responsibilities that they were more engaged with i.e., the individual and state services. The power encompassing territorial scenario was assigned to the Regions. The federal government, on the other hand, kept with it the critical and significant aspects of state affairs. 14 In this way, the devolution separated the Regions and Communities in terms of responsibilities and activities, it empowered them and allowed them much liberty to exercise their rights towards the betterment of their specific areas and competencies. It was based on the logic that the individual efforts of Regions and Communities would lead to the collective betterment of Belgian public. Asymmetrical i.e. the authority exercised by Regions and Communities in different areas are different. For example, in Flemish area, the Regions and Communities share single authority. In the French speaking area, on the other hand, the Regions and communities have separate authorities with different governments and councils.16 There is no hierarchy of standards i.e. the Regions and Communities are granted

Igor Stravinsky Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Igor Stravinsky - Research Paper Example Ironically, Stravinsky’s father wanted him to be a lawyer instead of a musician, but Stravinsky was bored with law study (Venezia 11). Stravinsky was always more interested in music. While at law school, Stravinsky met Vladimir Rimsky-Korsakov whose father was the very famous composer, Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Stravinsky would eventually begin to work with Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov who would eventually teach him about composition. After a vast career in composing different musical scores, Stravinsky died of heart failure in 1971 (Henahan). 2. Biographical Information Stravinsky was born on June 17, 1882. His ancestry was Polish from his father’s side of the family (Oliver 12). Stravinsky had four brothers, and only the youngest brother, Gury was interested in music. Stravinsky was very close to his younger brother because they shared this musical interest, and his brother was a baritone singer. The two boys clung to each other for the affection that they did not receive f rom their parents. Stravinsky would describe his childhood as â€Å"lonely and unhappy† which created challenges for him as a child (Oliver 12). Unfortunately, his brother died of typhus in 1917 (Oliver 14). Needing love and affection, Stravinsky turned to the butler, Simon Ivanovich and his nurse, Bertha, for the affection that he did not receive from his family. For quite some time during his childhood, Stravinsky stayed in his room because his parents thought that his health was too fragile (Oliver 14). As he became older, Bertha and Simon found was to shield him from the cruelty of his father; although Stravinsky as he grew older would not talk about what happened (Oliver 14). At the age of nine, Stravinsky had begun to play piano and he was fascinated by the music. His father did not want him to become a musician because he felt this life was too insecure and it was not a proper career for a young man (Dobrin 14). Instead, Stravinsky’s father forced him into law school because he felt this would be a more lucrative career that would provide him with a more steady income (Dobrin 14). Enrollment into the University of St. Petersburg would be his fate to study law, but he soon found it to be boring. He was more fascinated by music, and although the concept of counterpoint can be considered boring to most musicians, it was of interest to Stravinsky (Dobrin 16). At the university, Stravinsky became friends with Vladimir Rimsky-Korsakov. The two men became fast friends and this lead to Stravinsky working for Vladimir’s father, Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov and eventually he would be able to begin learning composition from him (Dobrin 15). Stravinsky wo uld live his life in Europe and in America. After studying with Rimsky-Korsakov, Stravinsky began to be influenced by composers like Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel (Schwartz). In his various compositions, one can hear the influences if they listen closely. Within the music of â€Å"Fireworks†, â€Å"The Faun and the Shepherdess†, and the â€Å"Firebird† ballet, one can find the influence of Debussy and Ravel (Schwartz). All of Stravinsky’s music became a part of what is called â€Å"the standard repertory† because of his ability to write very good music. Stravinsky often performed his own work. He began by writing, composing, and playing it on piano, but he eventually began to conduct his own work. He is credited with being the â€Å"first contemporary composer†

Letter to Your Friend in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Letter to Your Friend in England - Essay Example My dear friend, you are right when you observe that we are living in a period of great political turmoil. I regret to tell you that here, in the colonies, public opinion continues to grow against controls imposed by the Mother Country. As a medical practitioner, I am exposed to a variety of views, ranging across the spectrum of political opinion: from those calling for peaceful negotiations to others calling for an outright revolution. I will attempt to address, to the best of my ability, your doubts on these issues. I think you will agree with me when I say that the cause of the present troubles can be traced to England’s state of near bankruptcy at the end of the French and Indian Wars. The first major irritant to hitherto cordial relations between the colonies and England was The Proclamation of 1763, preventing us access to the Western lands. In the light of an ever-increasing population, this appeared to be manifestly unwarranted. Of course, we chose to ignore the Proclam ation. At this juncture, The Grenville Program of 1764-1765, which we hear had great support in England, was salt to our wounds. The Sugar Act of 1764, imposing additional duties on sugar, and doubling the duty on imported goods, was manifestly unfair from our point of view: particularly as the taxable list included almost everything we produce. You can imagine the number of cases of confiscation and litigation arising from this! Matters were made worse by the changes to the Navigation Acts, giving a single Vice-Admiralty court in Halifax, Nova Scotia, jurisdiction over all of the American colonies in trade matters. The legal costs, and the cost of travelling from Boston to Nova Scotia, to say nothing of the cost in time, were a major cause of complaint among the traders here. I am sure that expecting the defendant to post a bond to cover all expenses for both sides, would not be acceptable in England! Boston witnessed many town meetings calling for a united opposition to these Acts . I must admit that I was a willing participant in these meetings. An additional benefit of my attendance was that we (a group of educationists and doctors) were able to pacify the hot-heads who kept calling for some violent action in protest against the Acts. My friend, surely you will agree that expecting us to house and supply British troops at our personal expense, as mandated by the Quartering Act of 1765, was manifestly unfair. When most of us consider ourselves to be loyal subjects of His Majesty, the presence of a significant number of troops is itself a sign of suspicion and unwanted tight control. The Act has turned our perception of control into that of repression. Of course, it was the Stamp Act of the same year which finally turned the tide of public opinion decisively against England, and alienated the majority of colonists against the Mother Country. The paying of a direct tax to England flies in the face of every legislative tradition. I support the colonial position that it is a form of ‘taxation without representation.’ A tax on all printed material: including playing cards and college diplomas! My friend, how could the British Parliament pass such an Act? The Act succeeded in creating a unified opposition, led by the influential lawyers, merchants and newspaper publishers in Boston, who were most affected by its terms. The popular anger aroused by the Stamp Act resulted in the beginnings of mob violence. The Sons of

Market plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market plan - Essay Example Thus, all in all, the Masafi Group has come up with a winner in the shape of the Masafi Natural Mineral Water. The Masafi Water Company is now trying to launch ABC aftershave company, for which they need to perform a step by step marketing plan, since it would assist them in knowing the need of this product, and assess it with respect to the environment in which the industry is thriving at this point in time. (Kerin, 2004) A market plan is basically an outline of the various environmental factors as well as the marketing dynamics that will be associated with the product, which is yet to be launched. (Larsen, 1997) It helps the organization to get an aerial view of the viability of the product idea that they have, with respect to the company itself, the target customers, the competitors present, the collaborators and the climate. The SWOT analysis also plays a vital role in telling the company about its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The market plan becomes further refined when portions for market segmentation, alternative marketing strategies and selected marketing strategy are added. (Luther, 2001) The Masafi group now plans to launch an aftershave company. Aftershaves are a health and beauty product and come under the sub-category of fragrances and perfumes. The aftershave market is quite saturated with many big perfume brands doing brand extensions into aftershaves, using their known and established brand names. Whether or not Masafi water should plan to invest their time, resources and energy in launching an aftershave company would be better decided if a marketing plan is made, and critically analyzed. (Stapleton, 1998) The marketing plan would consist of the following components: The SWOT analysis involves the analysis of the internal strengths and weaknesses of the company as well as the external opportunities and threats that the company is

The Positive Effects A Nuclear Reactor Politics Essay

The Positive Effects A Nuclear Reactor Politics Essay Providing incentives for energy efficiency and clean energy are the right thing to do for our future because the nation that leads the clean energy economy will be the nation that leads the global economy. And America must be that nation. (Obama) This was the endorsement made by the President of the United States in January of 2010 during his annual State of the Union Address of adding more nuclear power facilities around the United States. Nuclear power is the energy source of the future, and Louisa County is on the cusp of becoming one of the frontrunners in the nation in this aspect with its partnership with Dominion Power Electric Company to add a third reactor to its nuclear power plant situated on the shores of Lake Anna. Lake Anna was originally built to fuel the nuclear reactors that began commercial use in 1978 (Unit One) and 1980 (Unit Two). The lake is used to provide the water necessary to fuel this power station and its use and output will soar to new heights in the com ing years. Already armed with two nuclear reactors on its power plant, the addition of a third reactor will only bolster Louisa Countys already advantageous position in the alternative energy game. In adding a third reactor at the Dominion Electric Power Plant on Lake Anna, Louisa County will put itself in a position to be the benefactor of numerous Federal aides, it will also create more jobs to be added to the local economic structure, and spark an influx of new businesses opening in the Lake Anna region as a result of this jump in population. More people will be attracted to the area, and more money will be brought into the county as a result, all of which will benefit the area while the recreational value of the lake and surrounding area will not be harmed, as some residents are fearful will happen. All of these factors bode well for the local economy and the citizens of Lake Anna and Louisa County. In times where oil and coal are insufficient in appeasing worldwide energy needs, nuclear power is an efficient alternative. They are often constructed in times when oil is in short supply. The below chart depicts the growth and addition of nuclear power plants [NPPs] worldwide from 1950 to 1997. The near bell-curve shape of the chart and the nuclear boom from 1970 to 1990 can be attributed to a worldwide oil crisis, forcing countries to find alternative energy sources to compensate for their deficit of oil. Nuclear energy was also the hot new form of alternative energy and there was an arms-race of sorts to have the biggest and best fleet of nuclear performance. Nuclear growth proved to be cyclical as it dropped and leveled off at the turn of the Century. Number of Reactors In the coming years however, another spike in nuclear production will be seen as military tensions in the Middle-East reach new heights. The addition to the North Anna power station, when completed, will be one of the first plants to lead in this upward trend. It can be predicted that the growth will peak again around the year 2014 as the world settles into using nuclear power as a safe and reliable alternative to coal and oil. As Americans, we will soon see more and more nuclear bases around the nation, as it has been proven and endorsed by the government that nuclear is the way of the future for America. With the recent fuel crisis that has hit the United States, a concentrated effort has been put into discovering and fostering alternative energy sources. Hybrid cars was the first alternative venture in which American citizens began to alter their buying habits, but it has since spread into all facets of American society, including power supplies as a whole. Through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the United States has allotted 2.4 billion dollars of Clean Renewable Energy Bonds [CREBs] to be given to local governments to fund mass projects that will promote or provide alternative energy for mass numbers of people. (Department of Energy, April 10, 2010) The funding Louisa County will receive through the Recovery Act will foot most of the construction bill for the reactor, leaving Louis a ready to profit off of the venture. Energy shortage is also hitting very close to home for Louisa County residents. The Commonwealth of Virginia itself is currently looking at an energy deficit that could reach 4,000 megawatts by year 2017. (Dominion Power, March 13, 2010) The demand for energy is heading in the opposite direction, growing by over 40% over the past ten years and can grow to almost 50% by the end of 2011. (Dominion Power, March 13, 2010) This can be accredited to growing populations and a large number of citizens that are not energy-conscious. The third reactor at North Anna Power Station is aiming to help appease these new demands while cutting into the deficit itself. With any great change will come those who are resistant, those who do not want to alter their ways from the status quo. There have been specific groups of people from the lake community who have been opposed to the expansion of the nuclear power plant. The Lake Anna Civic Association (LACA) is a group of lake residents who have served as the voice of the cautious opposition. Termed N.I.M.B.Y.s (meaning Not In My Back Yard) by colleagues in the area, this association stood in the way of county approval of the Dominion project by lobbying the local government and presenting reasons that the construction of the third reactor would be detrimental to the Lake. Though there are not many residents who feel that the extension of the nuclear power plant would be a negative addition to the lake judging by support for the project displayed at local governmental meetings, their arguments have been noted and studied by the authorities in charge of approval. They argued that with increased water m ovement and usage by the power plant will raise the water level an excessive amount. Though it is predicted by Dominion Power that the water line will rise two inches, it is expected that this will not affect property that shares a border with the lake by encroaching on the land. It has also been argued that some of the bridges that traverse the lake will be made unsafe for boat traffic due to the water level. This would be because the clearance would be lowered by two inches and boats with canopies or a second level may strike the bottom of the bridge when passing. Following a study conducted by the Lake Anna Advisory Committee that was presented on February 9, 2010 showed that the three bridges in question were already below safe boating conditions (the boat, operator, and passengers are not in immediate danger) even when the water was low. It was also argued that an increased water temperature will deter tourists from enjoying the lake and joining in water activities. Discussed e arlier, this slight temperature increase (two to three degrees) will not be physically troubling to lake-goers but will rather make it enjoyable for a longer period of time and will also not have any acute impact on the wildlife within the lake. Given Louisa Countys developmental support track record, a project with the magnitude that this one possesses would not be approved unless it was certain that it would not cause major harm to the environment or citizens around it. Those who oppose the power plant on the lake must remember that it was constructed in the first place to serve as a power resource for the power plant and it would not exist without it. In an interview with William Blount (telephone interview, January 4, 2010), a longtime resident and entrepreneur on the lake, when discussing the opposition, he remarked that complaining about the power plant would be like purchasing land near an airport and complaining about noise. Nuclear energy has been proven to be an effective and safe avenue for harvesting energy for a large number of people. Louisa County, through its construction and use of Lake Anna as a power source to fuel its nuclear combines, provides power to the city of Richmond and the Southwest region of Virginia, as well as other states both north and south of Virginia. President Obama has endorsed this method as being safe and logical avenue for providing power to a nation who has seen its population grow by 208 million people over the past 100 years [1900 to 2000] (U.S. Census Bureau, March 4, 2010). This is a significant step toward nuclear energy becoming more common and available. Being of the Democratic Party, this is a sign that the endorsement is no false advertisement because the Democrats have traditionally been the major stopping point for the implementation of nuclear power as a major source of national energy. Democrats, as well as millions of previously undecided citizens on the topic of nuclear energy are beginning to see nuclear power as a safe alternative to oil and coal, which there has been a recent shortage of, with no end in site as long as the war and associated long term conflicts in the Middle-East continue. With each crisis comes a solution and a benefactor; Louisa County will be a benefactor from our national oil shortage. In order to ensure and promote the further use of nuclear energy, a town such as Louisa County could be granted sums of money and credits reaching into the millions (U.S. Department of Energy, April 10, 2010) for using this energy source . The wealth accrued through these cuts can be spent on public utilities such as roads and offices, meaning the county as a whole will benefit and be more pleasurable for all citizens. Reputable people closely involved with the project feel as if it will be a positive for Louisa. Lifetime Louisa County resident and former County Administrator and Clerk of the Court Dean Agee feels as if the addition of the third reactor will only help Louisa County fiscally. The income from the projected boost in commerce and population will help to offset the cost of the influx of public school attendance this county has seen in the past decade. This was most recently illustrated with the construction of Moss-Knuckles Elementary school on Route 208 toward Charlottesville. Schools are being built to accommodate all of the new students being enrolled in Louisa County Public Schools each year, and funding is necessary to make this possible. A large portion of this money will come from County taxes on the construction projects and new businesses blossoming in the area. When discussing the economic benefits Louisa will experience, Agee revealed that the Board of Supervisors will increa se the value of the county to offset the State lowering its fiscal aid, which is taxing on its actual value, this will level off the overall fiscal value of the Countyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ combining that with the Federal incentives that we will receive, a substantial increase in overall value will emerge. The growth that will take place can be shocking. During the original construction of Lake Anna Mr. Boodgie Duke, a local businessman and prominent land owner in the area, was speaking to a construction official about the digging of the hole where Lake Anna was to go. He inquired about how such a massive amount of dirt was going to be displaced, and was told that over one hundred bulldozers would be utilized in the process, What? he exclaimed, There are only three bulldozers in the entire county! This is merely a small example of the growth that nuclear power stations can bring to an area. While the area has seen much greater growth since then, adding a third reactor will have similar effects. There will be an influx of new jobs created by this third reactor; construction, building parts for the reactor, shipping, workers, and security for the new component will be needed for completion and use. Different stages of the construction project will involve multiple businesses and contract ors, so exact numbers for each specific construction discipline will only be able to be seen with time. These jobs will not only attract workers, but also their families will move with them if they are to stay permanently, these numbers will add up quickly. To accommodate all of the new citizens and workers in the County, the local real estate market will also see a boost as it must provide both permanent and temporary housing for those working. Lake Anna Island has already taken measures of preparation for this by having a building project in the works to create over fifty new housing condominiums to complement the twenty it already has. This undertaking is projected to be completed by late summer of 2010, in time to advertise and sell to migrant workers who are helping in building the third unit. According to local businessman B.J. Blount, by completion of the project over 700 permanent new jobs will be brought in to Louisa County in addition to roughly 5,000 temporary jobs over t he next five to seven years, adding wealth and notoriety to the area. According to former Louisa County administrator and lifelong resident Dean Agee, Lake Anna is already by far the most powerful and wealthy market in Louisa County; it is projects and progressiveness such as the addition of a third nuclear unit that makes it such. With this influx of new jobs in the area, the arrival of a new reactor will establish the northwest area of Lake Anna as a jumping-off point for more businesses and development projects in the area. As is true with virtually all areas that feature a great density of corporate prosperity, there was a major project that served as a catalyst for the attraction of other businesses to establish themselves in the area. A prime example of that would be the Short Pump Town Center erected in 2003 in northwestern Henrico County, Virginia. As soon as that came to fruition, and even perhaps before, more businesses and companies were purchasing land and leasing buildings to establish themselves in and around. There are now over a dozen housing developments and apartment communities established in the general vicinity of the Town Center with more to come. The Short Pump area has also established itself as one of the main shopping and leisure areas in the state of Virginia and many high school-aged kids migrate there on weekends to spend time and money. There is a direct correlation of growth in population to growth in wealth in corporate areas, and this will occur in this region of Louisa County. When the tide comes in, all the boats rise; the growth of the nuclear power plant will serve as that tide in Louisa. More businesses will flock to the Lake Anna region to reap some of the benefits. An agreement has already been reached to have a Food Lion constructed on Route 208 in Louisa, located roughly five miles from the Dominion Power Plant. A grocery store such as this would not have signed on for development in the area without a projected growth in patrons that would shop there, so this would be a good indication of the projected growth in the immediate vicinity. Gary Griffith, owner of Dockside Realty, is developing Stonewall Town Center on Route 522 that will feature a restaurant and shopping opportunities. Lake Anna Island Realty was an early player in the race for position to attract business from the new growth. To go along with the covered boat slips that house the Lake Anna Island Yacht Club. Owner B. J. Blount and his partners have agreements and are in the process of building numerous other amenities on their property, located next to the 208 Bridge on New Bridge Road. There are b oat slips available for lease or rent for commuters or new residents to tie up their boats and access them at any time. As that project progresses, there is a potential for over 400 slips to be implemented, along with storage space for each purchased slip. There are the aforementioned housing units under construction that will be available for permanent or temporary use for specialized or contracted workers and their families. Buildings will be constructed to house a hotel and a restaurant, along with separate housing for a doctors office and two other separate restaurants. There is also now a houseboat available for rental on a weekly or weekend basis, with the opportunity for more boats to form a fleet that can turn into a steady source of income for the Realty. This is the sort of business plan and construction project that may well be seen blossoming in Louisa County with more regularity in the years to come. An effect the Power Plant will have on the environment will be the slight increase of water temperature on the lake due to the increased consumption of water by the actual units. It is predicted that the water temperature will rise by two to three degrees. While this is not a glaring difference from the norm, the newfound warmth can potentially extend the tourist season by an extra week. This is because the higher temperature will take longer to cool in the fall and the water will be warm enough for recreational activities for a slightly longer period of time. The increased amount of reactor output (predicted two to three inch water level increase) means that the larger amount will also take longer to cool. Though it is only one week, the collective wealth accrued by businesses of the area, be it restaurants, rentals or general boat activity will pay great dividends in the long run for the local economy. Multiple studies have been done to back up all of the claims made in favor of the third reactors positive impact upon Louisa Countys economy. From 1960 to 1976, sixty-four towns and cities that were located around any of four Northeastern U.S. power plants were observed and measured by their property market values. Positive growth trends in property value, listing and sale prices were seen across the board in these areas. (Downing, Gamble, Sauerlander, n.d.) Throughout the completion of the study the communities experienced positive growth. Furthermore, it was found that property market values increased at an inverse ratio to distance that they are situated from the nuclear power plants, possibly indicating that buyers specifically paid more to live closer to the plant. The municipalities that were in the general area of the plants also grew disproportionally to areas in the same state that were not near a nuclear plant. (Bezdek Wendling, 2006) In 1986, a study was conducted by a gr oup of college professors from Oakland University in Michigan that studied whether the federal policy to deter citizens from living near nuclear power plants had positive effects or not. In a study made of 204 local government that were situated within ten miles of any of the 49 functional nuclear power plants in the United States at the time, the governments were polled on their citizens feelings toward the plants and the physical plants public safety. (Folland Hough, 1999) The results showed that feedback was greatly in favor of living near the plants and it was suggested that governments should encourage migration toward the plants rather than discouraging citizens from living near them. Constructing a third reactor to add to the North Anna Power Plant in Louisa County will provide numerous benefits for everyone involved. Federal incentives will be sent the countys way, citizens will come pouring in searching for one of the multiple new jobs that will be created and numerous pre-existing and prospective businesses will be able to reap the benefits from all of this. All of these factors will culminate in making Louisa County a richer, more prosperous county. Resources Bezdek, R., Wendling, R. (2006). The Impacts of Nuclear Facilities on Property Values and Other Factors in the Surrounding Communities (Rep.). Retrieved January 10, 2010, from misi-net.com Dominion Power. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2010, from http://www.dom.com Downing, R., Gamble, H., Sauerlander, O. (n.d.). Real Estate Economics: Community Growth Around Nuclear Power Plants (3rd ed., Vol. 8). John Wiley Sons. Folland, S., Hough, R. (1999). On the External Effects on Nuclear Power Plant: Further Evidence (Rep.). Rochester, Michigan. Retrieved January 14, 2010, from Gale Group. Nuclear Waste Disposal. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2010, from http://www.nei.org Number of Reactors Being Brought Online Number of Countries Bringing Reactors Online [Chart]. (n.d.). In TVA. Retrieved February 24, 2010. Obama, B. H. (2010, January 27). State of the Union Address. Speech presented at State of the Union Address 2010 in U.S. Capitol, Washington D.C. United States, Department of Energy. (n.d.). Government Tax Incentives. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http://www.energy.gov/government_tax_incentives.htm United States, Census Bureau. (n.d.). Retrieved March 4, 2010, from http://census.gov

Winter Olympics :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Welcome to the 2002 winter Olympics men’s bobsledding finals. We have gone though many icy events today but one of my personal favorites, bobsledding, is now ready to rumble. We will be going though three different rounds. All four competitors will race against the clock. The three teams with the lowest combined time will move on while the last remaining team will be eliminated. They will move on to two more final race which their scores will be combined to receive the metals. On track one is the Jamaican team coached by Lamar Dabua and is sponsored by the Coconut Canyon. On track two is the two time finalist the U.S.A team looking for that third chance for the gold and is coached by Bob Morin. On track three is a beginning team for Brazil that is coached by Travair Lapidaz which commented that the team feels they are lucky to have gotten this far and are still going to make this sport fun with a competitive attitude. And on the final track are Norway†™s finest bobsledders that are coached by Brillin Concoordz. These teams will be racing down an icy track at speeds well over 90 mph. All teams have a regulated sled for fair speeds. As we get ready to start we ask all contestants to have a good attitude and good luck to you all. The flag is now rising. And they are off. Down the tasks they go. Now zooming as fast as speeds of lightning. So far it is close. They still have mileage to go. Here they go rounding the biggest and the sharpest corner of them all. From here it looks like the U.S.A team is ahead but very close behind is the Jamaican team. The Norway team looks like they are getting off balance. Yes, they are. It looks like they are going to tip. They are! We are having paramedics down there right away. Now the three teams that are competing are getting more and more spread apart. With the U.S.A team still in the lead there is no question that things could go wrong and turn this race around. Speaking of that, it looks like the all teammates of Norway has successfully gotten out with no broken bones but I’m sure they will be a few cuts and browses. All teams that are still racing will move on and yes, Norway team is eliminated.

Extended Critical Response Final Draft

The amount of women who join or even are a part of science related fields, are few and the percentages are lowering over time. The question is why? Why aren't women pursuing careers in these fields? The combination of stereotypes in society and the lack of education on this matter is the answer. They get in the way of a woman's judgment and choices. This is the argument that the article ‘The Persistence of Gender Myths in Math† by Roseland Chat Barnett & Carry Rivers published in October 2004, in the newspaper Education Week supports.I reasonably am in favor of Barnett and Rivers position. Not only because they are against the stereotype which is implanted in our society, that math is only suitable for men but also because they believe that if women where properly educated without bias they could achieve things they are capable of instead of being discouraged. To support my views on this matter will be using evidence from other sources that will be presented later on. One reason I agree with Barnett and Rivers is because on one hand although they acknowledge the fact that â€Å"men far out number women in math related fields† (par. , on the other hand they argue that this has nothing to do with innate differences but rather with stereotypes. In other words the authors do not believe that genes are the reason why women do not choose to study math but are rather deterred from biased people and circumstances which discourage women in succeeding in these fields. When girls grow up in an environment which is biased and supports that men are better than women in jobs or math related studies and avert them from doing the same they will end up believing that men are better than them and that â€Å"erodes their confidence in their own ability to succeed† (par. . In plain English when a girl has been discouraged throughout her life from doing cometh inning that is considered unsuitable to her gender she will not have confidence in achieving a go al and she will believe that she IS not good. It will always seem hard, even if she has the capability of achieving it. Moreover, I could not agree more with Barnett and Rivers that ‘culture has convinced them that girls don't belong in these fields† (par. 0), because a biased culture and the influence of stereotypes may avert girls from choosing what they are good at but rather choose what they are mostly suited for. But doesn't culture consist of education and family? On one hand the article â€Å"Reinforcing Gender Stereotypes: How Our Schools Narrow Children's Choices† by Athena Donald published in January 2014 in the newspaper The Guardian the author supports that the reason girls are not interested in â€Å"manlier† subjects is not due to innate differences but propaganda in school.As Donald puts it â€Å"children learn sexism at school†. Barnett and Rivers are Of the same mind. They believe that teachers do not encourage girls in choosing cour ses that are more popular with boys. On the other hand, Steven Pinker the author of The Science of Difference† published in February 2005, in the newspaper The New Republic talks about this topic in a more psychological prospect and is a firm supporter that biology has to do with what we like (nature), but partly agrees with Barnett and Rivers that people's preferences are caused by their social environment (nurture).This is where family comes in. When the author says â€Å"children are born unisex and are molded into male and female roles by their parents† it shows us that children have the same abilities in achieving things but society is what teaches kids that humans are different due to their ex, which applies, to my beliefs as well as Barnett and Rivers. The authors of † The Persistence of Gender Myths in Math† offer a solution, which think is reasonable.A combination of teachers helping kids in the school environment and enhancing the girls' natural ta lents rather than eliminating them because they don't apply to their sex and the elimination of bias from our society, is what the authors believe to be the solution. Firstly, they believe that teachers can contribute to their female students and help them believe that they are equally likely to succeed in the fields of math. To do so, the educators need to â€Å"examine the degree to which they themselves may have – unconsciously- accepted the math-male equation† (par. 1). Agree with the authors because, since teachers are the ones who have a part of â€Å"molding† a child's personality they need to educate themselves too on this subject. Children cannot be trusted with a teacher who does not encourage them equally. Moreover, I could not agree more with Barnett and Rivers when they say that when we stop believing in the stereotype that men are better that women at math and finally see that it has nothing to do with innate differences (par. ) but rather judge co rrectly a human and his capabilities by â€Å"their individual merits rather than the statistics of their group† (Pinker par. 6) that is when we will have a clear idea of each individuals capabilities despite of their sex. TO sum up, I am a firm supporter of Barnett and Rivers, because they are of the same mind as me which is that achievement in math has nothing to do with sexual characteristics but this is our society's false belief that men can do better in math fields.The consequence of which, ends up affecting women negatively, it does let them acknowledge their own abilities and flourish in these fields. Moreover, the authors do not stand idly towards this topic but proceed in offering a solution in eliminating this bias specifically in the school environment, which is that educators should eliminate this inhabited stereotype so they can judge the abilities of their students in math, based on their performance and not according to their sex which will result in encouragi ng them equally.Finally, a stereotype cannot stand in the way of a woman's pursuit of her dreams just because her sex according to statistics does not do well in math. All humans despite of their ex, deserve the same encouragement and support in achieving their goals, so it's time for society to work off this bias and judge equally peoples' achievements rather than having a false idea of women's capabilities.